feat(identity): группы-когорты, история и импорт v2

2026-10-26 15:47:49 +03:00
parent 24a92632fd
commit 07a223b759
34 changed files with 1459 additions and 248 deletions
--- a/services/identity-service/src/main/kotlin/ru/ysu/lms/identity/auth/AuthService.kt
+++ b/services/identity-service/src/main/kotlin/ru/ysu/lms/identity/auth/AuthService.kt
@@ -13,6 +13,8 @@ import ru.ysu.lms.common.ConflictException
 import ru.ysu.lms.common.NotFoundException
 import ru.ysu.lms.common.UnauthorizedException
 import ru.ysu.lms.identity.domain.Account
+import ru.ysu.lms.identity.domain.AccountStatus
+import ru.ysu.lms.identity.domain.StudentStatus
 import ru.ysu.lms.identity.repo.AccountRepository
 import ru.ysu.lms.identity.repo.StudentRepository
 import ru.ysu.lms.security.JwtProperties
@@ -61,10 +63,22 @@ class AuthService(
            backoff.recordFailure(login)
            throw UnauthorizedException("Неверный логин или пароль")
        }
+        ensureLoginAllowed(account)
        backoff.reset(login)
        return toResponse(account, displayName(account))
    }

+    private fun ensureLoginAllowed(account: Account) {
+        if (account.status != AccountStatus.ACTIVE) {
+            throw UnauthorizedException("Аккаунт архивирован")
+        }
+        if (account.role != LmsRole.STUDENT) return
+        val status = students.findById(account.id).map { it.status }.orElse(null)
+        if (status in setOf(StudentStatus.EXPELLED, StudentStatus.GRADUATED, StudentStatus.ARCHIVED)) {
+            throw UnauthorizedException("Доступ к системе закрыт")
+        }
+    }
+
    @Transactional(readOnly = true)
    fun me(accountId: UUID): MeResponse {
        val account =
--- a/services/identity-service/src/main/kotlin/ru/ysu/lms/identity/domain/Account.kt
+++ b/services/identity-service/src/main/kotlin/ru/ysu/lms/identity/domain/Account.kt
@@ -27,6 +27,11 @@ class Account(
    var mustChangePassword: Boolean = true,
    @Column(name = "temp_password", length = 64)
    var tempPassword: String? = null,
+    @Enumerated(EnumType.STRING)
+    @Column(nullable = false, length = 16)
+    var status: AccountStatus = AccountStatus.ACTIVE,
+    @Column(name = "archived_at")
+    var archivedAt: Instant? = null,
    @Column(name = "created_at", nullable = false)
    var createdAt: Instant = Instant.now(),
    @Column(name = "updated_at", nullable = false)
--- a/services/identity-service/src/main/kotlin/ru/ysu/lms/identity/domain/AccountStatus.kt
+++ b/services/identity-service/src/main/kotlin/ru/ysu/lms/identity/domain/AccountStatus.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+package ru.ysu.lms.identity.domain
+
+enum class AccountStatus {
+    ACTIVE,
+    ARCHIVED,
+}
--- a/services/identity-service/src/main/kotlin/ru/ysu/lms/identity/domain/GroupEntity.kt
+++ b/services/identity-service/src/main/kotlin/ru/ysu/lms/identity/domain/GroupEntity.kt
@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@ package ru.ysu.lms.identity.domain

 import jakarta.persistence.Column
 import jakarta.persistence.Entity
+import jakarta.persistence.EnumType
+import jakarta.persistence.Enumerated
 import jakarta.persistence.Id
 import jakarta.persistence.Table
 import ru.ysu.lms.common.Ids
@@ -13,8 +15,19 @@ import java.util.UUID
 class GroupEntity(
    @Id
    var id: UUID = Ids.v7(),
-    @Column(nullable = false, unique = true, length = 100)
+    @Column(nullable = false, length = 100)
    var name: String = "",
+    @Column(length = 50)
+    var stream: String? = null,
+    var course: Short? = null,
+    var number: Short? = null,
+    @Column(length = 2)
+    var degree: String? = null,
+    @Column(name = "enrollment_year")
+    var enrollmentYear: Short? = null,
+    @Enumerated(EnumType.STRING)
+    @Column(nullable = false, length = 16)
+    var status: GroupStatus = GroupStatus.ACTIVE,
    @Column(name = "task_duration_min", nullable = false)
    var taskDurationMin: Int = 30,
    @Column(name = "created_at", nullable = false)
--- a/services/identity-service/src/main/kotlin/ru/ysu/lms/identity/domain/GroupStatus.kt
+++ b/services/identity-service/src/main/kotlin/ru/ysu/lms/identity/domain/GroupStatus.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+package ru.ysu.lms.identity.domain
+
+enum class GroupStatus {
+    ACTIVE,
+    GRADUATED,
+    ARCHIVED,
+}
--- a/services/identity-service/src/main/kotlin/ru/ysu/lms/identity/domain/MembershipAction.kt
+++ b/services/identity-service/src/main/kotlin/ru/ysu/lms/identity/domain/MembershipAction.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+package ru.ysu.lms.identity.domain
+
+enum class MembershipAction {
+    ENROLL,
+    TRANSFER,
+    ACADEMIC,
+    RETURN,
+    GRADUATE,
+    EXPELL,
+    PROMOTE,
+    IMPORT,
+    ARCHIVE,
+    RESTORE,
+}
--- a/services/identity-service/src/main/kotlin/ru/ysu/lms/identity/domain/MembershipHistory.kt
+++ b/services/identity-service/src/main/kotlin/ru/ysu/lms/identity/domain/MembershipHistory.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+package ru.ysu.lms.identity.domain
+
+import jakarta.persistence.Column
+import jakarta.persistence.Entity
+import jakarta.persistence.EnumType
+import jakarta.persistence.Enumerated
+import jakarta.persistence.Id
+import jakarta.persistence.Table
+import ru.ysu.lms.common.Ids
+import java.time.Instant
+import java.util.UUID
+
+@Entity
+@Table(name = "membership_history")
+class MembershipHistory(
+    @Id
+    var id: UUID = Ids.v7(),
+    @Column(name = "student_id", nullable = false)
+    var studentId: UUID = UUID(0, 0),
+    @Column(name = "from_group_id")
+    var fromGroupId: UUID? = null,
+    @Column(name = "to_group_id")
+    var toGroupId: UUID? = null,
+    @Enumerated(EnumType.STRING)
+    @Column(nullable = false, length = 32)
+    var action: MembershipAction = MembershipAction.ENROLL,
+    @Column(nullable = false)
+    var reason: String = "",
+    @Column(name = "actor_account_id")
+    var actorAccountId: UUID? = null,
+    @Column(name = "promotion_run_id")
+    var promotionRunId: UUID? = null,
+    @Column(nullable = false)
+    var at: Instant = Instant.now(),
+)
--- a/services/identity-service/src/main/kotlin/ru/ysu/lms/identity/domain/Student.kt
+++ b/services/identity-service/src/main/kotlin/ru/ysu/lms/identity/domain/Student.kt
@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@ package ru.ysu.lms.identity.domain

 import jakarta.persistence.Column
 import jakarta.persistence.Entity
+import jakarta.persistence.EnumType
+import jakarta.persistence.Enumerated
 import jakarta.persistence.FetchType
 import jakarta.persistence.Id
 import jakarta.persistence.JoinColumn
@@ -28,6 +30,11 @@ class Student(
    var basis: String = "",
    @Column(name = "note", nullable = false)
    var note: String = "",
+    @Enumerated(EnumType.STRING)
+    @Column(nullable = false, length = 16)
+    var status: StudentStatus = StudentStatus.ACTIVE,
+    @Column(name = "enrollment_year")
+    var enrollmentYear: Short? = null,
    @OneToOne(fetch = FetchType.LAZY)
    @MapsId
    @JoinColumn(name = "account_id")
--- a/services/identity-service/src/main/kotlin/ru/ysu/lms/identity/domain/StudentStatus.kt
+++ b/services/identity-service/src/main/kotlin/ru/ysu/lms/identity/domain/StudentStatus.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+package ru.ysu.lms.identity.domain
+
+enum class StudentStatus {
+    ACTIVE,
+    ACADEMIC_LEAVE,
+    EXPELLED,
+    GRADUATED,
+    ARCHIVED,
+}
--- a/services/identity-service/src/main/kotlin/ru/ysu/lms/identity/repo/GroupRepository.kt
+++ b/services/identity-service/src/main/kotlin/ru/ysu/lms/identity/repo/GroupRepository.kt
@@ -9,5 +9,15 @@ interface GroupRepository : JpaRepository<GroupEntity, UUID> {

    fun existsByName(name: String): Boolean

+    fun findByStreamAndDegreeAndNumberAndCourseAndEnrollmentYear(
+        stream: String,
+        degree: String,
+        number: Short,
+        course: Short,
+        enrollmentYear: Short,
+    ): GroupEntity?
+
    fun findAllByOrderByNameAsc(): List<GroupEntity>
+
+    fun findAllByOrderByEnrollmentYearDescNameAsc(): List<GroupEntity>
 }
--- a/services/identity-service/src/main/kotlin/ru/ysu/lms/identity/repo/MembershipHistoryRepository.kt
+++ b/services/identity-service/src/main/kotlin/ru/ysu/lms/identity/repo/MembershipHistoryRepository.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+package ru.ysu.lms.identity.repo
+
+import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository
+import ru.ysu.lms.identity.domain.MembershipHistory
+import java.util.UUID
+
+interface MembershipHistoryRepository : JpaRepository<MembershipHistory, UUID> {
+    fun findByStudentIdOrderByAtDesc(studentId: UUID): List<MembershipHistory>
+}
--- a/services/identity-service/src/main/kotlin/ru/ysu/lms/identity/roster/GroupCohort.kt
+++ b/services/identity-service/src/main/kotlin/ru/ysu/lms/identity/roster/GroupCohort.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+package ru.ysu.lms.identity.roster
+
+/** Разобранная группа-когорта. Имя всегда производное от полей. */
+data class GroupCohort(
+    val stream: String,
+    val course: Short,
+    val number: Short,
+    val degree: String,
+    val enrollmentYear: Short,
+) {
+    val name: String
+        get() = "$stream-$course$number$degree"
+}
+
+object GroupNameParser {
+    private val pattern = Regex("^(.+)-(\\d)(\\d+)(БО|МО)$")
+
+    fun parse(name: String): GroupCohort? {
+        val match = pattern.matchEntire(name.trim()) ?: return null
+        val course = match.groupValues[2].toShortOrNull() ?: return null
+        val number = match.groupValues[3].toShortOrNull() ?: return null
+        return GroupCohort(
+            stream = match.groupValues[1],
+            course = course,
+            number = number,
+            degree = match.groupValues[4],
+            enrollmentYear = 0, // год набора из имени не выводится
+        )
+    }
+
+    fun validCourse(
+        degree: String,
+        course: Short,
+    ): Boolean =
+        when (degree) {
+            "БО" -> course in 1..4
+            "МО" -> course in 1..2
+            else -> false
+        }
+}
--- a/services/identity-service/src/main/kotlin/ru/ysu/lms/identity/roster/GroupCohortResolver.kt
+++ b/services/identity-service/src/main/kotlin/ru/ysu/lms/identity/roster/GroupCohortResolver.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+package ru.ysu.lms.identity.roster
+
+import org.springframework.stereotype.Component
+import ru.ysu.lms.common.BadRequestException
+import java.time.LocalDate
+
+@Component
+class GroupCohortResolver {
+    fun resolve(request: CreateGroupRequest): GroupCohort {
+        val fromName =
+            request.name
+                ?.trim()
+                ?.takeIf { it.isNotEmpty() }
+                ?.let { GroupNameParser.parse(it) }
+        val stream =
+            request.stream
+                ?.trim()
+                ?.takeIf { it.isNotBlank() }
+                ?: fromName?.stream
+        val course = request.course ?: fromName?.course
+        val number = request.number ?: fromName?.number
+        val degree =
+            request.degree
+                ?.trim()
+                ?.uppercase()
+                ?.takeIf { it.isNotBlank() }
+                ?: fromName?.degree
+        val missing = listOf(stream, course, number, degree).any { it == null }
+        if (missing) {
+            throw BadRequestException("Укажите поток, курс, номер, степень и год набора")
+        }
+        val resolvedStream = stream!!
+        val resolvedCourse = course!!
+        val resolvedNumber = number!!
+        val resolvedDegree = degree!!
+        val year = request.enrollmentYear ?: defaultEnrollmentYear(resolvedCourse)
+        return validate(GroupCohort(resolvedStream, resolvedCourse, resolvedNumber, resolvedDegree, year))
+    }
+
+    fun validate(cohort: GroupCohort): GroupCohort {
+        validateStream(cohort.stream)
+        validateDegreeAndCourse(cohort)
+        validateNumberAndYear(cohort)
+        return cohort
+    }
+
+    private fun validateStream(stream: String) {
+        if (stream.isBlank() || stream.length > 50) {
+            throw BadRequestException("Поток: от 1 до 50 символов")
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun validateDegreeAndCourse(cohort: GroupCohort) {
+        if (cohort.degree !in setOf("БО", "МО")) {
+            throw BadRequestException("Степень должна быть БО или МО")
+        }
+        if (!GroupNameParser.validCourse(cohort.degree, cohort.course)) {
+            throw BadRequestException("Курс ${cohort.course} недопустим для степени ${cohort.degree}")
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun validateNumberAndYear(cohort: GroupCohort) {
+        if (cohort.number <= 0) {
+            throw BadRequestException("Номер группы должен быть положительным")
+        }
+        if (cohort.enrollmentYear !in 2000..2100) {
+            throw BadRequestException("Год набора вне диапазона 2000–2100")
+        }
+    }
+
+    fun defaultEnrollmentYear(course: Short): Short {
+        val now = LocalDate.now()
+        val academicYearStart = if (now.monthValue >= 9) now.year else now.year - 1
+        return (academicYearStart - (course - 1)).toShort()
+    }
+}
--- a/services/identity-service/src/main/kotlin/ru/ysu/lms/identity/roster/GroupController.kt
+++ b/services/identity-service/src/main/kotlin/ru/ysu/lms/identity/roster/GroupController.kt
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ import java.util.UUID
@PreAuthorize("hasRole('ADMIN')")
 class GroupController(
    private val groupService: GroupService,
+    private val importService: GroupImportService,
 ) {
    @GetMapping
    fun list(): List<GroupSummary> = groupService.list()
@@ -39,17 +40,18 @@ class GroupController(
    fun createStudent(
        @PathVariable id: UUID,
        @Valid @RequestBody body: CreateStudentRequest,
-    ): Credential = groupService.createStudent(id, body)
+        @AuthenticationPrincipal jwt: Jwt,
+    ): Credential = groupService.createStudent(id, body, UUID.fromString(jwt.subject))

    @PostMapping("/import")
    fun import(
        @RequestParam("file") file: MultipartFile,
-        @RequestParam(name = "name", required = false) name: String?,
+        @AuthenticationPrincipal jwt: Jwt,
    ): ImportResult {
        if (file.isEmpty) {
            throw BadRequestException("Выберите файл со списком группы")
        }
-        return groupService.import(name, file.originalFilename ?: "group.xlsx", file.bytes)
+        return importService.import(file.originalFilename ?: "group.xlsx", file.bytes, UUID.fromString(jwt.subject))
    }

    /** Студенты, которых можно зачислить в группу (в т.ч. из других групп). */
@@ -63,14 +65,16 @@ class GroupController(
    fun enroll(
        @PathVariable id: UUID,
        @PathVariable studentId: UUID,
-    ): GroupDetail = groupService.enroll(id, studentId)
+        @AuthenticationPrincipal jwt: Jwt,
+    ): GroupDetail = groupService.enroll(id, studentId, UUID.fromString(jwt.subject))

    /** Отчислить студента из группы. */
    @DeleteMapping("/{id}/students/{studentId}")
    fun unenroll(
        @PathVariable id: UUID,
        @PathVariable studentId: UUID,
-    ): GroupDetail = groupService.unenroll(id, studentId)
+        @AuthenticationPrincipal jwt: Jwt,
+    ): GroupDetail = groupService.unenroll(id, studentId, UUID.fromString(jwt.subject))

    @GetMapping("/me")
    @PreAuthorize("isAuthenticated()")
--- a/services/identity-service/src/main/kotlin/ru/ysu/lms/identity/roster/GroupImportService.kt
+++ b/services/identity-service/src/main/kotlin/ru/ysu/lms/identity/roster/GroupImportService.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,183 @@
+package ru.ysu.lms.identity.roster
+
+import org.springframework.security.crypto.password.PasswordEncoder
+import org.springframework.stereotype.Service
+import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional
+import ru.ysu.lms.common.ConflictException
+import ru.ysu.lms.identity.auth.Passwords
+import ru.ysu.lms.identity.domain.Account
+import ru.ysu.lms.identity.domain.Enrollment
+import ru.ysu.lms.identity.domain.GroupEntity
+import ru.ysu.lms.identity.domain.GroupStatus
+import ru.ysu.lms.identity.domain.MembershipAction
+import ru.ysu.lms.identity.domain.MembershipHistory
+import ru.ysu.lms.identity.domain.Student
+import ru.ysu.lms.identity.domain.StudentStatus
+import ru.ysu.lms.identity.repo.AccountRepository
+import ru.ysu.lms.identity.repo.EnrollmentRepository
+import ru.ysu.lms.identity.repo.GroupRepository
+import ru.ysu.lms.identity.repo.MembershipHistoryRepository
+import ru.ysu.lms.identity.repo.StudentRepository
+import ru.ysu.lms.security.LmsRole
+import java.util.UUID
+
+@Suppress("LongParameterList")
+@Service
+class GroupImportService(
+    private val groups: GroupRepository,
+    private val enrollments: EnrollmentRepository,
+    private val students: StudentRepository,
+    private val accounts: AccountRepository,
+    private val history: MembershipHistoryRepository,
+    private val passwordEncoder: PasswordEncoder,
+    private val parser: StudentImportParser,
+) {
+    @Transactional
+    fun import(
+        filename: String,
+        bytes: ByteArray,
+        actorAccountId: UUID?,
+    ): ImportResult {
+        val parsed = parser.parse(filename, bytes)
+        if (parsed.errors.isNotEmpty()) {
+            return ImportResult(
+                applied = false,
+                groupName = parsed.cohort?.name,
+                errors = parsed.errors.map { ImportError(it.row, it.message) },
+            )
+        }
+        val cohort = parsed.cohort
+        if (cohort == null) {
+            return ImportResult(
+                applied = false,
+                errors = listOf(ImportError(0, "Не удалось определить группу: проверьте поля потока, курса, номера и степени")),
+            )
+        }
+        val group = findOrCreateGroup(cohort)
+        val added = mutableListOf<Credential>()
+        val updated = mutableListOf<String>()
+
+        parsed.students.forEach { parsedStudent ->
+            val student = upsertStudent(parsedStudent, cohort, added, updated)
+            moveToGroup(student, group, actorAccountId)
+        }
+        return ImportResult(
+            applied = true,
+            groupId = group.id.toString(),
+            groupName = group.name,
+            added = added,
+            updated = updated,
+        )
+    }
+
+    private fun findOrCreateGroup(cohort: GroupCohort): GroupEntity {
+        val existing =
+            groups.findByStreamAndDegreeAndNumberAndCourseAndEnrollmentYear(
+                cohort.stream,
+                cohort.degree,
+                cohort.number,
+                cohort.course,
+                cohort.enrollmentYear,
+            )
+        if (existing != null) {
+            if (existing.status != GroupStatus.ACTIVE) {
+                throw ConflictException("Группа ${existing.name} не активна")
+            }
+            return existing
+        }
+        return groups.save(
+            GroupEntity(
+                name = cohort.name,
+                stream = cohort.stream,
+                course = cohort.course,
+                number = cohort.number,
+                degree = cohort.degree,
+                enrollmentYear = cohort.enrollmentYear,
+                status = GroupStatus.ACTIVE,
+            ),
+        )
+    }
+
+    private fun upsertStudent(
+        parsed: ParsedStudent,
+        cohort: GroupCohort,
+        added: MutableList<Credential>,
+        updated: MutableList<String>,
+    ): Student {
+        val existing = students.findByStudentNo(parsed.studentNo)
+        if (existing != null) {
+            existing.lastName = parsed.lastName
+            existing.firstName = parsed.firstName
+            existing.middleName = parsed.middleName
+            existing.basis = parsed.basis
+            existing.note = parsed.note
+            existing.status = StudentStatus.ACTIVE
+            existing.enrollmentYear = cohort.enrollmentYear
+            students.save(existing)
+            updated += parsed.studentNo
+            return existing
+        }
+        if (accounts.existsByLogin(parsed.studentNo)) {
+            throw ConflictException("Логин ${parsed.studentNo} уже занят другим аккаунтом")
+        }
+        val password = Passwords.generate()
+        val account =
+            accounts.save(
+                Account(
+                    login = parsed.studentNo,
+                    passwordHash = passwordEncoder.encode(password) ?: "",
+                    role = LmsRole.STUDENT,
+                    mustChangePassword = true,
+                    tempPassword = password,
+                ),
+            )
+        val student =
+            Student(
+                studentNo = parsed.studentNo,
+                lastName = parsed.lastName,
+                firstName = parsed.firstName,
+                middleName = parsed.middleName,
+                basis = parsed.basis,
+                note = parsed.note,
+                status = StudentStatus.ACTIVE,
+                enrollmentYear = cohort.enrollmentYear,
+                account = account,
+            )
+        students.save(student)
+        added +=
+            Credential(
+                id = account.id.toString(),
+                studentNo = parsed.studentNo,
+                fullName = student.fullName,
+                password = password,
+            )
+        return student
+    }
+
+    private fun moveToGroup(
+        student: Student,
+        group: GroupEntity,
+        actorAccountId: UUID?,
+    ) {
+        val accountId = student.accountId ?: return
+        val enrollment = enrollments.findByStudentAccountId(accountId)
+        val fromGroupId = enrollment?.group?.id
+        if (fromGroupId == group.id) return
+        if (enrollment == null) {
+            enrollments.save(Enrollment(group = group, student = student))
+        } else {
+            enrollment.group = group
+            enrollments.save(enrollment)
+        }
+        history.save(
+            MembershipHistory(
+                studentId = accountId,
+                fromGroupId = fromGroupId,
+                toGroupId = group.id,
+                action = MembershipAction.IMPORT,
+                reason = "Импорт Excel",
+                actorAccountId = actorAccountId,
+            ),
+        )
+    }
+}
--- a/services/identity-service/src/main/kotlin/ru/ysu/lms/identity/roster/GroupService.kt
+++ b/services/identity-service/src/main/kotlin/ru/ysu/lms/identity/roster/GroupService.kt
@@ -10,37 +10,43 @@ import ru.ysu.lms.identity.auth.Passwords
 import ru.ysu.lms.identity.domain.Account
 import ru.ysu.lms.identity.domain.Enrollment
 import ru.ysu.lms.identity.domain.GroupEntity
+import ru.ysu.lms.identity.domain.GroupStatus
+import ru.ysu.lms.identity.domain.MembershipAction
+import ru.ysu.lms.identity.domain.MembershipHistory
 import ru.ysu.lms.identity.domain.Student
+import ru.ysu.lms.identity.domain.StudentStatus
 import ru.ysu.lms.identity.repo.AccountRepository
 import ru.ysu.lms.identity.repo.EnrollmentRepository
 import ru.ysu.lms.identity.repo.GroupRepository
+import ru.ysu.lms.identity.repo.MembershipHistoryRepository
 import ru.ysu.lms.identity.repo.StudentRepository
 import ru.ysu.lms.security.LmsRole
 import java.util.UUID

+@Suppress("LongParameterList")
@Service
 class GroupService(
    private val groups: GroupRepository,
    private val enrollments: EnrollmentRepository,
    private val students: StudentRepository,
    private val accounts: AccountRepository,
+    private val history: MembershipHistoryRepository,
    private val passwordEncoder: PasswordEncoder,
-    private val parser: StudentImportParser,
+    private val cohortResolver: GroupCohortResolver,
 ) {
    @Transactional(readOnly = true)
-    fun list(): List<GroupSummary> = groups.findAllByOrderByNameAsc().map { summary(it) }
+    fun list(): List<GroupSummary> = groups.findAllByOrderByEnrollmentYearDescNameAsc().map { summary(it) }

    @Transactional
    fun createStudent(
        groupId: UUID,
        request: CreateStudentRequest,
+        actorAccountId: UUID? = null,
    ): Credential {
-        val group = groups.findById(groupId).orElseThrow { NotFoundException("Группа не найдена") }
+        val group = activeGroup(groupId)
        val studentNo = request.studentNo.trim()
        if (studentNo.isBlank()) throw BadRequestException("Студенческий номер не может быть пустым")
-        if (students.existsByStudentNo(studentNo)) {
-            throw ConflictException("Студент с номером $studentNo уже существует")
-        }
+        ensureStudentNumberAvailable(studentNo)
        val password = Passwords.generate()
        val account =
            accounts.save(
@@ -52,7 +58,6 @@ class GroupService(
                    tempPassword = password,
                ),
            )
-        // Student.id — это account_id через @MapsId: ассоциацию задаём до persist.
        val student =
            students.save(
                Student(
@@ -62,10 +67,19 @@ class GroupService(
                    middleName = request.middleName.trim(),
                    basis = request.basis.trim(),
                    note = request.note.trim(),
+                    status = StudentStatus.ACTIVE,
+                    enrollmentYear = group.enrollmentYear,
                    account = account,
                ),
            )
        enrollments.save(Enrollment(group = group, student = student))
+        recordHistory(
+            studentNo = student.accountId!!,
+            fromGroupId = null,
+            toGroupId = group.id,
+            action = MembershipAction.ENROLL,
+            actorAccountId = actorAccountId,
+        )
        return Credential(
            id = account.id.toString(),
            studentNo = studentNo,
@@ -76,11 +90,31 @@ class GroupService(

    @Transactional
    fun create(request: CreateGroupRequest): GroupSummary {
-        val name = request.name.trim()
-        if (groups.existsByName(name)) {
-            throw ConflictException("Группа «$name» уже существует")
+        val cohort = cohortResolver.resolve(request)
+        val existing =
+            groups.findByStreamAndDegreeAndNumberAndCourseAndEnrollmentYear(
+                cohort.stream,
+                cohort.degree,
+                cohort.number,
+                cohort.course,
+                cohort.enrollmentYear,
+            )
+        if (existing != null) {
+            throw ConflictException("Группа «${cohort.name}» с таким годом набора уже существует")
        }
-        return summary(groups.save(GroupEntity(name = name)))
+        val group =
+            groups.save(
+                GroupEntity(
+                    name = cohort.name,
+                    stream = cohort.stream,
+                    course = cohort.course,
+                    number = cohort.number,
+                    degree = cohort.degree,
+                    enrollmentYear = cohort.enrollmentYear,
+                    status = GroupStatus.ACTIVE,
+                ),
+            )
+        return summary(group)
    }

    /** Студенты, которых ещё нет в этой группе (включая состоящих в других). */
@@ -116,129 +150,52 @@ class GroupService(
    fun enroll(
        groupId: UUID,
        studentId: UUID,
+        actorAccountId: UUID? = null,
    ): GroupDetail {
-        val group = groups.findById(groupId).orElseThrow { NotFoundException("Группа не найдена") }
+        val group = activeGroup(groupId)
        val student = students.findById(studentId).orElseThrow { NotFoundException("Студент не найден") }
        val existing = enrollments.findByStudentAccountId(studentId)
-        if (existing != null) {
-            if (existing.group?.id == group.id) {
-                throw ConflictException("Студент уже в этой группе")
-            }
-            // unique-констрейт на student_id: переводим перепривязкой, без delete+insert
+        val fromGroupId = existing?.group?.id
+        if (fromGroupId == group.id) {
+            throw ConflictException("Студент уже в этой группе")
+        }
+        if (existing == null) {
+            enrollments.save(Enrollment(group = group, student = student))
+        } else {
            existing.group = group
            enrollments.save(existing)
-        } else {
-            enrollments.save(Enrollment(group = group, student = student))
        }
+        student.status = StudentStatus.ACTIVE
+        student.enrollmentYear = group.enrollmentYear
+        students.save(student)
+        recordHistory(studentId, fromGroupId, group.id, MembershipAction.TRANSFER, actorAccountId)
        return detail(groupId)
    }

-    /** Отчислить из группы (студент и его аккаунт сохраняются). */
+    /** Убрать студента из группы; аккаунт и данные сохраняются. */
    @Transactional
    fun unenroll(
        groupId: UUID,
        studentId: UUID,
+        actorAccountId: UUID? = null,
    ): GroupDetail {
        val enrollment =
            enrollments.findAllByGroupId(groupId).firstOrNull { it.student?.accountId == studentId }
                ?: throw NotFoundException("Студент не входит в эту группу")
        enrollments.delete(enrollment)
+        val student = students.findById(studentId).orElse(null)
+        if (student != null) {
+            student.status = StudentStatus.EXPELLED
+            students.save(student)
+        }
+        recordHistory(studentId, groupId, null, MembershipAction.EXPELL, actorAccountId)
        return detail(groupId)
    }

-    @Transactional
-    fun import(
-        requestedName: String?,
-        filename: String,
-        bytes: ByteArray,
-    ): ImportResult {
-        val parsed = parser.parse(filename, bytes)
-        val groupName = requestedName?.trim().takeUnless { it.isNullOrBlank() } ?: parsed.groupName
-        val group = groups.findByName(groupName) ?: groups.save(GroupEntity(name = groupName))
-        val added = mutableListOf<Credential>()
-        val updated = mutableListOf<String>()
-
-        parsed.students.forEach { parsedStudent ->
-            val student = upsertStudent(parsedStudent, added, updated)
-            enrollIntoGroup(group, student)
-        }
-        return ImportResult(group.id.toString(), group.name, added, updated)
-    }
-
-    /** Обновляет существующего студента или создаёт нового с временным паролем. */
-    private fun upsertStudent(
-        parsed: ParsedStudent,
-        added: MutableList<Credential>,
-        updated: MutableList<String>,
-    ): Student {
-        val existing = students.findByStudentNo(parsed.studentNo)
-        if (existing != null) {
-            existing.lastName = parsed.lastName
-            existing.firstName = parsed.firstName
-            existing.middleName = parsed.middleName
-            existing.basis = parsed.basis
-            existing.note = parsed.note
-            students.save(existing)
-            updated.add(parsed.studentNo)
-            return existing
-        }
-        val password = Passwords.generate()
-        val account =
-            accounts.save(
-                Account(
-                    login = parsed.studentNo,
-                    passwordHash = passwordEncoder.encode(password) ?: "",
-                    role = LmsRole.STUDENT,
-                    mustChangePassword = true,
-                    tempPassword = password,
-                ),
-            )
-        val created =
-            Student(
-                studentNo = parsed.studentNo,
-                lastName = parsed.lastName,
-                firstName = parsed.firstName,
-                middleName = parsed.middleName,
-                basis = parsed.basis,
-                note = parsed.note,
-            )
-        created.account = account
-        students.save(created)
-        added.add(
-            Credential(
-                id = account.id.toString(),
-                studentNo = parsed.studentNo,
-                fullName = parsed.fullName,
-                password = password,
-            ),
-        )
-        return created
-    }
-
-    /** Зачисляет студента в группу (или переводит из другой). */
-    private fun enrollIntoGroup(
-        group: GroupEntity,
-        student: Student,
-    ) {
-        val accountId = student.accountId!!
-        val enrollment = enrollments.findByStudentAccountId(accountId)
-        if (enrollment == null) {
-            enrollments.save(Enrollment(group = group, student = student))
-        } else {
-            enrollment.group = group
-            enrollments.save(enrollment)
-        }
-    }
-
    @Transactional(readOnly = true)
    fun groupOfStudent(accountId: UUID): GroupSummary? {
        val group = enrollments.findByStudentAccountId(accountId)?.group ?: return null
-        return GroupSummary(
-            id = group.id.toString(),
-            name = group.name,
-            studentCount = enrollments.findAllByGroupId(group.id).size.toLong(),
-            taskDurationMin = group.taskDurationMin,
-        )
+        return summary(group)
    }

    @Transactional(readOnly = true)
@@ -255,11 +212,24 @@ class GroupService(
                        studentNo = student.studentNo,
                        fullName = student.fullName,
                        basis = student.basis,
+                        status = student.status.name,
+                        enrollmentYear = student.enrollmentYear,
                        mustChangePassword = account.mustChangePassword,
                        tempPassword = account.tempPassword,
                    )
                }.sortedWith(compareBy({ it.fullName.lowercase() }, { it.studentNo }))
-        return GroupDetail(group.id.toString(), group.name, group.taskDurationMin, rows)
+        return GroupDetail(
+            id = group.id.toString(),
+            name = group.name,
+            stream = group.stream,
+            course = group.course,
+            number = group.number,
+            degree = group.degree,
+            enrollmentYear = group.enrollmentYear,
+            status = group.status.name,
+            taskDurationMin = group.taskDurationMin,
+            students = rows,
+        )
    }

    /** Список всех пользователей (студентов) с фильтром по подстроке. */
@@ -286,6 +256,8 @@ class GroupService(
                    studentNo = s.studentNo,
                    fullName = s.fullName,
                    basis = s.basis,
+                    status = s.status.name,
+                    enrollmentYear = s.enrollmentYear,
                    groupId = groupInfo?.first?.toString(),
                    groupName = groupInfo?.second,
                )
@@ -341,27 +313,69 @@ class GroupService(
    ): ExportFile {
        val detail = detail(groupId)
        val safeName = detail.name.replace(Regex("[^\\p{L}\\p{N}._-]+"), "_")
+        val year = detail.enrollmentYear?.let { " ($it)" }.orEmpty()
        return when (format.lowercase()) {
            "csv" ->
                ExportFile(
                    bytes = CredentialsExporter.csv(detail.students),
-                    filename = "credentials_$safeName.csv",
+                    filename = "credentials_$safeName$year.csv",
                    contentType = "text/csv; charset=utf-8",
                )
            "xlsx" ->
                ExportFile(
                    bytes = CredentialsExporter.xlsx(detail.students),
-                    filename = "credentials_$safeName.xlsx",
+                    filename = "credentials_$safeName$year.xlsx",
                    contentType = "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet",
                )
            else -> throw BadRequestException("Формат должен быть xlsx или csv")
        }
    }

+    private fun ensureStudentNumberAvailable(studentNo: String) {
+        if (students.existsByStudentNo(studentNo)) {
+            throw ConflictException("Студент с номером $studentNo уже существует")
+        }
+        if (accounts.existsByLogin(studentNo)) {
+            throw ConflictException("Логин $studentNo уже занят другим аккаунтом")
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun activeGroup(groupId: UUID): GroupEntity {
+        val group = groups.findById(groupId).orElseThrow { NotFoundException("Группа не найдена") }
+        if (group.status != GroupStatus.ACTIVE) {
+            throw BadRequestException("Группа ${group.name} не активна")
+        }
+        return group
+    }
+
+    private fun recordHistory(
+        studentNo: UUID,
+        fromGroupId: UUID?,
+        toGroupId: UUID?,
+        action: MembershipAction,
+        actorAccountId: UUID?,
+    ) {
+        history.save(
+            MembershipHistory(
+                studentId = studentNo,
+                fromGroupId = fromGroupId,
+                toGroupId = toGroupId,
+                action = action,
+                actorAccountId = actorAccountId,
+            ),
+        )
+    }
+
    private fun summary(group: GroupEntity): GroupSummary =
        GroupSummary(
            id = group.id.toString(),
            name = group.name,
+            stream = group.stream,
+            course = group.course,
+            number = group.number,
+            degree = group.degree,
+            enrollmentYear = group.enrollmentYear,
+            status = group.status.name,
            studentCount = enrollments.countByGroupId(group.id),
            taskDurationMin = group.taskDurationMin,
        )
--- a/services/identity-service/src/main/kotlin/ru/ysu/lms/identity/roster/RosterDtos.kt
+++ b/services/identity-service/src/main/kotlin/ru/ysu/lms/identity/roster/RosterDtos.kt
@@ -5,13 +5,23 @@ import jakarta.validation.constraints.NotBlank
 data class GroupSummary(
    val id: String,
    val name: String,
+    val stream: String? = null,
+    val course: Short? = null,
+    val number: Short? = null,
+    val degree: String? = null,
+    val enrollmentYear: Short? = null,
+    val status: String = "ACTIVE",
    val studentCount: Long,
    val taskDurationMin: Int,
 )

 data class CreateGroupRequest(
-    @field:NotBlank(message = "Укажите название группы")
-    val name: String,
+    val name: String? = null,
+    val stream: String? = null,
+    val course: Short? = null,
+    val number: Short? = null,
+    val degree: String? = null,
+    val enrollmentYear: Short? = null,
 )

 data class CreateStudentRequest(
@@ -30,6 +40,8 @@ data class StudentRow(
    val studentNo: String,
    val fullName: String,
    val basis: String,
+    val status: String = "ACTIVE",
+    val enrollmentYear: Short? = null,
    val mustChangePassword: Boolean,
    val tempPassword: String?,
 )
@@ -37,6 +49,12 @@ data class StudentRow(
 data class GroupDetail(
    val id: String,
    val name: String,
+    val stream: String? = null,
+    val course: Short? = null,
+    val number: Short? = null,
+    val degree: String? = null,
+    val enrollmentYear: Short? = null,
+    val status: String = "ACTIVE",
    val taskDurationMin: Int,
    val students: List<StudentRow>,
 )
@@ -49,10 +67,17 @@ data class Credential(
 )

 data class ImportResult(
-    val groupId: String,
-    val groupName: String,
-    val added: List<Credential>,
-    val updated: List<String>,
+    val applied: Boolean = true,
+    val groupId: String? = null,
+    val groupName: String? = null,
+    val added: List<Credential> = emptyList(),
+    val updated: List<String> = emptyList(),
+    val errors: List<ImportError> = emptyList(),
+)
+
+data class ImportError(
+    val row: Int,
+    val message: String,
 )

 data class ResetPasswordResponse(
@@ -75,6 +100,8 @@ data class AdminUser(
    val studentNo: String,
    val fullName: String,
    val basis: String,
+    val status: String = "ACTIVE",
+    val enrollmentYear: Short? = null,
    val groupId: String?,
    val groupName: String?,
 )
--- a/services/identity-service/src/main/kotlin/ru/ysu/lms/identity/roster/StudentImportParser.kt
+++ b/services/identity-service/src/main/kotlin/ru/ysu/lms/identity/roster/StudentImportParser.kt
@@ -18,11 +18,45 @@ data class ParsedStudent(
        get() = listOf(lastName, firstName, middleName).filter { it.isNotBlank() }.joinToString(" ")
 }

-data class ParsedGroup(
-    val groupName: String,
-    val students: List<ParsedStudent>,
+data class ImportRowError(
+    val row: Int,
+    val message: String,
 )

+data class ParsedGroup(
+    val cohort: GroupCohort?,
+    val students: List<ParsedStudent>,
+    val errors: List<ImportRowError>,
+)
+
+private data class HeaderRule(
+    val key: String,
+    val exact: Set<String> = emptySet(),
+    val prefixes: List<String> = emptyList(),
+) {
+    fun matches(value: String): Boolean = value in exact || prefixes.any { value.startsWith(it) }
+}
+
+private val HEADER_RULES =
+    listOf(
+        HeaderRule("stream", exact = setOf("поток"), prefixes = listOf("поток ")),
+        HeaderRule("course", exact = setOf("курс", "курс обучения")),
+        HeaderRule("groupNumber", exact = setOf("номер", "номер группы")),
+        HeaderRule("degree", prefixes = listOf("степень")),
+        HeaderRule("year", exact = setOf("год"), prefixes = listOf("год набора")),
+        HeaderRule(
+            "studentNo",
+            exact = setOf("№"),
+            prefixes = listOf("№ ", "студенч", "зачёт", "зачет", "номер студента"),
+        ),
+        HeaderRule("fullName", prefixes = listOf("фио", "фамилия имя")),
+        HeaderRule("lastName", prefixes = listOf("фамили")),
+        HeaderRule("firstName", exact = setOf("имя"), prefixes = listOf("имя ")),
+        HeaderRule("middleName", prefixes = listOf("отчеств")),
+        HeaderRule("basis", prefixes = listOf("база", "основ")),
+        HeaderRule("note", prefixes = listOf("примеч")),
+    )
+
@Component
 class StudentImportParser {
    fun parse(
@@ -30,11 +64,18 @@ class StudentImportParser {
        bytes: ByteArray,
    ): ParsedGroup {
        val lower = filename.lowercase()
-        return when {
-            lower.endsWith(".csv") -> parseRows(filename, parseCsv(bytes))
-            lower.endsWith(".xls") || lower.endsWith(".xlsx") -> parseRows(filename, parseExcel(bytes))
-            else -> throw BadRequestException("Поддерживаются файлы .xls, .xlsx и .csv")
+        val rows =
+            when {
+                lower.endsWith(".csv") -> parseCsv(bytes)
+                lower.endsWith(".xls") || lower.endsWith(".xlsx") -> parseExcel(bytes)
+                else -> throw BadRequestException("Поддерживаются файлы .xls, .xlsx и .csv")
+            }
+        val headerIndex = rows.indexOfFirst { row -> mapColumns(row).isNotEmpty() }
+        if (headerIndex < 0) {
+            throw BadRequestException("Не найдена шапка таблицы. Нужны столбцы: поток, курс, номер, степень, год набора, ФИО, №.")
        }
+        val columns = requireColumns(rows[headerIndex])
+        return parseRows(rows, headerIndex, columns)
    }

    private fun parseExcel(bytes: ByteArray): List<List<String>> {
@@ -55,9 +96,7 @@ class StudentImportParser {
    private fun parseCsv(bytes: ByteArray): List<List<String>> {
        val text = bytes.toString(Charsets.UTF_8).removePrefix("\uFEFF")
        val lines = text.split(Regex("\r?\n")).filter { it.isNotBlank() }
-        if (lines.isEmpty()) {
-            throw BadRequestException("Файл пуст")
-        }
+        if (lines.isEmpty()) throw BadRequestException("Файл пуст")
        val delimiter = detectDelimiter(lines.first())
        return lines.map { splitCsvLine(it, delimiter) }
    }
@@ -89,101 +128,228 @@ class StudentImportParser {
    }

    private fun parseRows(
-        filename: String,
        rows: List<List<String>>,
+        headerIndex: Int,
+        columns: Map<String, Int>,
    ): ParsedGroup {
-        val headerIndex = requireHeader(rows)
-        val columns = requireColumns(rows[headerIndex])
-        val students = rows.drop(headerIndex + 1).mapNotNull { parseStudent(it, columns) }
-        if (students.isEmpty()) {
+        val errors = mutableListOf<ImportRowError>()
+        val students = mutableListOf<ParsedStudent>()
+        val seenStudentNos = mutableMapOf<String, Int>()
+        var cohort: GroupCohort? = null
+
+        rows.drop(headerIndex + 1).forEachIndexed { index, row ->
+            if (row.all { it.isBlank() }) return@forEachIndexed
+            val rowNumber = headerIndex + index + 2
+            val rowCohort = parseCohort(row, columns, rowNumber, errors)
+            if (rowCohort != null) {
+                if (cohort == null) {
+                    cohort = rowCohort
+                } else if (cohort != rowCohort) {
+                    errors += ImportRowError(rowNumber, "Все строки файла должны относиться к одной группе")
+                }
+            }
+            val student = parseStudent(row, columns, rowNumber, errors, seenStudentNos)
+            if (student != null) students += student
+        }
+
+        if (students.isEmpty() && errors.isEmpty()) {
            throw BadRequestException("В таблице не найдено ни одного студента")
        }
-        return ParsedGroup(groupNameFrom(filename, rows), students)
+        return ParsedGroup(cohort = cohort, students = students, errors = errors)
    }

-    private fun requireHeader(rows: List<List<String>>): Int {
-        val headerIndex = rows.indexOfFirst { row -> row.any { isStudentHeader(it) } }
-        if (headerIndex < 0) {
-            throw BadRequestException("Не найден столбец «Студенческий номер». Проверьте шапку таблицы.")
-        }
-        return headerIndex
+    private fun parseCohort(
+        row: List<String>,
+        columns: Map<String, Int>,
+        rowNumber: Int,
+        errors: MutableList<ImportRowError>,
+    ): GroupCohort? {
+        val fields =
+            CohortFields(
+                stream = cell(row, columns, "stream"),
+                course = cell(row, columns, "course"),
+                number = cell(row, columns, "groupNumber"),
+                degree = cell(row, columns, "degree").uppercase(),
+                year = cell(row, columns, "year"),
+            )
+        val before = errors.size
+        val numbers =
+            CohortNumbers(
+                course = parseInt(fields.course),
+                number = parseInt(fields.number),
+                year = parseInt(fields.year),
+            )
+        validateRequiredCohortFields(fields, rowNumber, errors)
+        validateCohortNumbers(fields, numbers, rowNumber, errors)
+        validateCohortDegree(fields.degree, numbers.course, rowNumber, errors)
+        if (errors.size > before) return null
+        return GroupCohort(
+            stream = fields.stream,
+            course = numbers.course!!.toShort(),
+            number = numbers.number!!.toShort(),
+            degree = fields.degree,
+            enrollmentYear = numbers.year!!.toShort(),
+        )
    }

-    private fun requireColumns(header: List<String>): Map<String, Int> {
-        val columns = mapColumns(header)
-        if (columns["studentNo"] == null) {
-            throw BadRequestException("Не найден столбец «Студенческий номер»")
-        }
-        return columns
+    private fun validateRequiredCohortFields(
+        fields: CohortFields,
+        rowNumber: Int,
+        errors: MutableList<ImportRowError>,
+    ) {
+        if (fields.stream.isBlank()) errors += ImportRowError(rowNumber, "Не заполнен поток")
+        if (fields.course.isBlank()) errors += ImportRowError(rowNumber, "Не заполнен курс")
+        if (fields.number.isBlank()) errors += ImportRowError(rowNumber, "Не заполнен номер группы")
+        if (fields.degree.isBlank()) errors += ImportRowError(rowNumber, "Не заполнена степень")
+        if (fields.year.isBlank()) errors += ImportRowError(rowNumber, "Не заполнен год набора")
    }

+    private fun validateCohortNumbers(
+        fields: CohortFields,
+        numbers: CohortNumbers,
+        rowNumber: Int,
+        errors: MutableList<ImportRowError>,
+    ) {
+        if (fields.course.isNotBlank() && numbers.course == null) {
+            errors += ImportRowError(rowNumber, "Курс должен быть числом")
+        }
+        if (fields.number.isNotBlank() && numbers.number == null) {
+            errors += ImportRowError(rowNumber, "Номер группы должен быть числом")
+        }
+        if (fields.year.isNotBlank() && numbers.year == null) {
+            errors += ImportRowError(rowNumber, "Год набора должен быть числом")
+        }
+        if (numbers.number != null && numbers.number <= 0) {
+            errors += ImportRowError(rowNumber, "Номер группы должен быть положительным")
+        }
+        if (numbers.number != null && numbers.number > Short.MAX_VALUE) {
+            errors += ImportRowError(rowNumber, "Слишком большой номер группы")
+        }
+        if (numbers.year != null && numbers.year !in 2000..2100) {
+            errors += ImportRowError(rowNumber, "Год набора вне диапазона 2000–2100")
+        }
+    }
+
+    private data class CohortNumbers(
+        val course: Int?,
+        val number: Int?,
+        val year: Int?,
+    )
+
+    private fun validateCohortDegree(
+        degree: String,
+        course: Int?,
+        rowNumber: Int,
+        errors: MutableList<ImportRowError>,
+    ) {
+        if (degree.isNotBlank() && degree !in setOf("БО", "МО")) {
+            errors += ImportRowError(rowNumber, "Степень должна быть БО или МО")
+        }
+        if (course != null && degree in setOf("БО", "МО") && !GroupNameParser.validCourse(degree, course.toShort())) {
+            errors += ImportRowError(rowNumber, "Курс $course недопустим для степени $degree")
+        }
+    }
+
+    private data class CohortFields(
+        val stream: String,
+        val course: String,
+        val number: String,
+        val degree: String,
+        val year: String,
+    )
+
    private fun parseStudent(
        row: List<String>,
        columns: Map<String, Int>,
+        rowNumber: Int,
+        errors: MutableList<ImportRowError>,
+        seenStudentNos: MutableMap<String, Int>,
    ): ParsedStudent? {
-        fun cell(key: String): String = columns[key]?.let { row.getOrNull(it) }.orEmpty().trim()
-        val studentNo = normalizeNumber(cell("studentNo"))
-        val lastName = cell("lastName")
-        if (studentNo.isBlank() && lastName.isBlank()) return null
+        val before = errors.size
+        val studentNo = normalizeNumber(cell(row, columns, "studentNo"))
        if (studentNo.isBlank()) {
-            throw BadRequestException("В одной из строк отсутствует студенческий номер")
+            errors += ImportRowError(rowNumber, "Не заполнен № студента")
+        } else {
+            val previous = seenStudentNos.put(studentNo, rowNumber)
+            if (previous != null) {
+                errors += ImportRowError(rowNumber, "№ $studentNo уже встречается в строке $previous")
+            }
        }
+
+        val fullName = cell(row, columns, "fullName")
+        val lastName: String
+        val firstName: String
+        val middleName: String
+        if (fullName.isNotBlank()) {
+            val parts = fullName.split(Regex("\\s+")).filter { it.isNotBlank() }
+            lastName = parts.getOrElse(0) { "" }
+            firstName = parts.getOrElse(1) { "" }
+            middleName = parts.drop(2).joinToString(" ")
+        } else {
+            lastName = cell(row, columns, "lastName")
+            firstName = cell(row, columns, "firstName")
+            middleName = cell(row, columns, "middleName")
+        }
+        if (lastName.isBlank()) errors += ImportRowError(rowNumber, "Не заполнено ФИО")
+
+        if (errors.size > before) return null
        return ParsedStudent(
            studentNo = studentNo,
            lastName = lastName,
-            firstName = cell("firstName"),
-            middleName = cell("middleName"),
-            basis = cell("basis"),
-            note = cell("note"),
+            firstName = firstName,
+            middleName = middleName,
+            basis = cell(row, columns, "basis"),
+            note = cell(row, columns, "note"),
        )
    }

-    private fun isStudentHeader(value: String): Boolean {
-        val normalized = value.lowercase().replace("\u00a0", " ").trim()
-        return normalized.startsWith("студен") ||
-            normalized.startsWith("студ.") ||
-            normalized.startsWith("зачёт") ||
-            normalized.startsWith("зачет")
+    private fun requireColumns(header: List<String>): Map<String, Int> {
+        val columns = mapColumns(header)
+        val missing = mutableListOf<String>()
+        val names =
+            mapOf(
+                "stream" to "поток",
+                "course" to "курс",
+                "groupNumber" to "номер",
+                "degree" to "степень",
+                "year" to "год набора",
+                "studentNo" to "№",
+            )
+        names.forEach { (key, title) ->
+            if (columns[key] == null) missing += title
+        }
+        if (columns["fullName"] == null && columns["lastName"] == null) missing += "ФИО"
+        if (missing.isNotEmpty()) {
+            throw BadRequestException("Не найдены столбцы: ${missing.joinToString(", ")}. Проверьте шапку таблицы.")
+        }
+        return columns
    }

    private fun mapColumns(header: List<String>): Map<String, Int> {
        val result = mutableMapOf<String, Int>()
        header.forEachIndexed { index, raw ->
-            val value = raw.lowercase().replace("\u00a0", " ").trim()
-
-            fun putIfAbsent(
-                key: String,
-                vararg prefixes: String,
-            ) {
-                if (key !in result && prefixes.any { value.startsWith(it) }) {
-                    result[key] = index
-                }
-            }
-            putIfAbsent("studentNo", "студенч", "студ.", "студбил", "зачёт", "зачет")
-            putIfAbsent("lastName", "фамили")
-            putIfAbsent("firstName", "имя")
-            putIfAbsent("middleName", "отчеств")
-            putIfAbsent("basis", "основ")
-            putIfAbsent("note", "примеч")
+            val value = normalizeHeader(raw)
+            HEADER_RULES
+                .firstOrNull { it.matches(value) }
+                ?.let { result.putIfAbsent(it.key, index) }
        }
        return result
    }

-    private fun normalizeNumber(value: String): String = if (value.endsWith(".0")) value.dropLast(2) else value
+    private fun normalizeHeader(value: String): String =
+        value
+            .lowercase()
+            .replace('\u00a0', ' ')
+            .trim()
+            .replace(Regex("\\s+"), " ")

-    private fun groupNameFrom(
-        filename: String,
-        rows: List<List<String>>,
-    ): String {
-        val groupRegex = Regex("[А-ЯA-Z][А-ЯA-Za-z]*[- ]?\\d{1,4}[А-ЯA-Za-z]*")
-        for (row in rows.take(12)) {
-            for (cell in row) {
-                val value = cell.trim()
-                if (value.length in 2..30 && groupRegex.matches(value)) {
-                    return value
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        return filename.substringBeforeLast('.').trim().ifBlank { "Группа" }
-    }
+    private fun cell(
+        row: List<String>,
+        columns: Map<String, Int>,
+        key: String,
+    ): String = columns[key]?.let { row.getOrNull(it) }.orEmpty().trim()
+
+    private fun parseInt(value: String): Int? = normalizeNumber(value).takeIf { it.isNotBlank() }?.toIntOrNull()
+
+    private fun normalizeNumber(value: String): String = if (value.endsWith(".0")) value.dropLast(2) else value
 }